Tag Archives: Companies Bill 2012

VARIANTS OF PROSPECTUS (Companies Act, 2013)

Posted on September 13, 2013 | 6 comments

In our last blog post Prospectus (Companies Act 2013) , we discussed provisions related to prospectus. We will continue our study in this post.

ADVERTISEMENT OF PROSPECTUS (SECTION 30):

When a company issue an advertisement of prospectus, the advertisement shall specify contents of its memorandum; the objects, the liability of members, amount of share capital, name of signatories, and number of shares subscribed for by these signatories and its capital structure.

SHELF PROSPECTUS (SECTION 31):

Any class of company may file a shelf prospectus with the Registrar of Companies at the stage of first offer of securities.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter III - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Abridge Prospectus, Advertisement of Prospectus, Application Form, Companies Act 2013, Companies Bill 2012, CorpGov, CorpLaw, Corporate Governance, Corporate Law, India, Information Memorandum, Legal Reforms, Ministry of corporate affairs, Prospectus, Public Issue, Public Offer, Red Herring Prospectus, Reforms, Registrar of Companies, Securities, Securities and Exchange Board of India, Shares, Shares and Securities, Shelf Prospectus

PROSPECTUS (Companies Act 2013)

Posted on September 10, 2013 | 24 comments

In last post, public offer and private placement we have discussed public offer. In this post we will discuss Prospectus under Companies Act, 2013

Clause (70) of Section 2 of this Bill define “prospectus” means any document described or issued as a prospectus and includes a red herring prospectus referred to in section 32 or shelf prospectus referred to in section 31 or any notice, circular, advertisement or other document inviting offers from the public for the subscription or purchase of any securities of a body corporate.

Section 26 deals with matters to be stated in prospectus.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter III - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Board of Directors, Companies Bill 2012, Company Secretary, Corporate Governance, Corporate Law, Deemed Prospectus, India, Information in Prospectus, Prospectus, Public Company, Public Issue, Public Offer, Registrars, Registration of Prospectus, Reports with Prospectus, Securities, Securities and Exchange Board of India Act 1992, Shares, Shares and Securities, Shelf registration, Statement of Compliance, Statement of Expert

PUBLIC OFFER AND PRIVATE PLACEMENT

Posted on September 6, 2013 | 50 comments

Any business cannot run without funds. In case of an incorporated company, initial capital always come from subscribers to the memorandum. ~~As we have discussed in earlier post Commencement of Business, company should commence its business within 180 days by filing some documents with Registrar of Companies.~~ This is legal requirement of Section 11, all subscribers should paid the value of shares agreed to be taken by him and company should receive that money before filing document for filing for commencement of business. But this initial capital may not be sufficient for running a business. [UPDATE: This portion stand deleted due to the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015.] Public funding is a fundamental proposition for legal structure called company.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter III - CA2013, Chapter IV - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Companies Bill 2012, CorpLaw, Corporate Law, Further Public Offer, India, Initial Public Offer, IPO, Issue of Securities by Company, Issue of Securities by Private Company, Issue of Securities By Public Company, Legal Reforms, Listed Companies, Ministry of corporate affairs, Offer for Sale, Offer for Sale of Securities to the Public by an existing Shareholder, Offer Letter, Offer of Securities for Sale, Private Placement, Private Placement Offer Letter, Prospectus, Public Issue, Public Offer, Reforms, SEBI, Securities, Securities and Exchange Board o India, Shares, Shares and Securities

MINOR PROVISIONS IN CHAPTER II (COMPANIES ACT 2013)

Posted on September 3, 2013 | 6 comments

There are some provisions other than what I have already discussed in my recent posts. I will discuss these provisions here.

COPIES OF DOCUMENTS TO MEMBERS (SECTION 17):

Whenever a member ask, company shall send him within seven days of this request a copy of each following documents:

The Memorandum,
The Articles, and
Every Agreement and Every Resolution under Section 117.

There a provision for a payment of prescribed fee. Section 117 deals with agreements and resolutions which are required to be filed by the company with Registrar. We will discuss it in a future post.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter II - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Authentication Of Documents, Authentication Of Proceedings, Companies Bill 2012, Copies of Documents to Members, CorpLaw, Corporate Law, Execution Of Bill Of Exchange., Incorporation & Registration, India, Legal Reforms, Ministry of corporate affairs, Reforms, Service of Documents, Service Of Documents On Company, Service Of Documents On Member, Service Of Documents On Registrar, Shares of Holding Companies, Signing Of Contracts

NAME AND CLASS OF THE COMPANY

Posted on August 30, 2013 | 1 comment

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

After reading my posts on Formation of a Company and Alteration of Memorandum and Articles, few readers suggested that I should cover provisions related to names in one place. I will discuss these provisions here along with provisions related to conversion of company from one class to another.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter II - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Articles, Change in Name, Companies Act 2013, Companies Bill 2012, Conversion of Registered Companies, CorpLaw, Corporate Law, Incorporation, Incorporation & Registration, India, Legal Reforms, Memorandum, Ministry of corporate affairs, Name of Company, Rectification of Name, Reforms

ALTERATION OF MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES

Posted on August 27, 2013 | 8 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

In last blog post, commencement of business and registered office, I discussed Section 11 and 12 of the Companies ~~Bill, 2012~~ Act 2013. In this post, I will discuss, Alteration of Memorandum and Articles of the company and relevant issues.

ALTERATION OF MEMORANDUM (SECTION 13):

A Company can alter its memorandum by a special resolution, and after complying requirement of Section 13.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter II - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Alteration of Articles, Alteration of Memorandum, Alteration of Objects, Certificate of Incorporation, Change in Name, Companies Bill 2012, CorpLaw, Corporate Law, Incorporation & Registration, Limitation on Alteration of Memorandum, Memorandum, Registered Office, Registration of Alteration of Memorandum, Shifting of Registered Office

REGISTERED OFFICE

Posted on August 23, 2013 | 11 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

In last Blog Post, I discussed formation and incorporation of company and its effects. What next? Business, but comply certain legal provisions. Here, we will discuss provision related to present companies ~~Bill, 2012~~ Act, 2013.

~~COMMENCEMENT OF BUSINESS (SECTION 11):~~

~~[Update: Section 11 is no longer relevant after the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015]~~

~~Before starting any business or borrow any money, every company having share capital, shall have to comply two requirements.~~

~~Firstly, A Director of company shall file a declaration with Registrar of companies, that:~~

~~(i) Every subscriber to the memorandum has paid the value of shares agreed to be taken by him,~~

~~(ii) The paid up capital of company is not less than one lakh in case of private company or five lakh in case of public company on date of declaration.~~

Any commencement of business or borrowing before complying above requirement, the company shall liable five thousand rupees (one time) and every officer who is in default shall be punishable with fine up to rupees one thousand for every day during which the default continues.

~~If no declaration has filed within one hundred and eighty day of the date of incorporation, the registrar may initiate action for removal of name of company from register of companies.~~

This simply means company should receive from their subscribers all the money value of shares subscribed by them before commencing the business. The company should take that money value into its book of accounts. After receiving all this money value from subscribers and other shareholders, the paid up capital of the company should be in conformity of minimum paid up share capital requirement. At this point, please, recall Section 10 (2), all monies payable by any member to the company under the memorandum or articles shall be a debt due from him to the company. That Section 10 (2) may not help company to commence its business but act against subscriber only. Effectively, all subscribers must pay their subscription money in total within one hundred and eighty days from the date of incorporation.

REGISTERED OFFICE OF COMPANY (SECTION 12):

The company shall have on and from fifteenth day of its incorporation and all time thereafter a registered office for all communication purpose. When we read all other provision under Companied Bill, 2012 the registered office is office of company is a hub connecting the company and outside world.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter II - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Commencement of Business, Companies Bill 2012, CorpLaw, Corporate Law, Incorporation, Incorporation & Registration, India, Memorandum, Paid – up Share Capital, Registered Office, Shifting of Registered Office, Subscriber, Subscription Money, Verification of Registered Office

INCORPORATION OF COMPANY

Posted on August 20, 2013 | 17 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

Section 7, 8 of Companies ~~Bill 2012~~ Act, 2013

In my last blog post “Formation of Company”, I discussed the formation of company and its foundation documents; Memorandum, Articles and proposed/changed Name. In This post we will discuss, Incorporation of Company including incorporation of non- profit company.

INCORPORATION OF COMPANY (SECTION 7):

All document related to incorporation shall be filed be filed before the registrar, in whose jurisdiction registered office of a company is proposed to be situated. A Registrar may have jurisdiction over several states or only a part of a state. Following documents are to be submitted:

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter II - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Articles, Certificate of Incorporation, CIN, Companies Bill 2012, CorpLaw, Corporate Identity Number, Corporate Law, Effect of Registration, Incorporation, Incorporation & Registration, Incorporation of Company, Incorporation of Non – profit, India, Memorandum, Registered Office, Subscriber

FORMATION OF A COMPANY

Posted on August 16, 2013 | 6 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

Section 3, 4 and 5 of the Companies ~~Bill, 2012~~ Act 2013

In my last post, I discussed definition of companies and classes.

FORMATION OF COMPANY (SECTION 3):

A company may be formed for any lawful purpose by:

(a) Seven or more persons as public company;

(b) Two or more persons as private company;

(c) One person as One Person Company

By subscribing names to a memorandum and complying other requirements.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter II - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Articles, Companies Bill 2012, Company, Company Limited by Guarantee, Company Limited by Shares, CorpLaw, Corporate Law, Formation of company, Incorporation, Incorporation & Registration, India, Legal Reforms, Memorandum, Name of Company, One Person Company, Private Company, Public Company, Reforms, Registered Office, Unlimited Company

Quotes from Companies Bill debate in Rajya Sabha

Posted on August 14, 2013 | 2 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

For every new law, legislative intent, which show it in debates taken place in Parliament, become important. These debates offer a guide while drafting subordinate legislation. There are many questions about future rules and regulations. I, here, compiled some important quotes from this debates from Rajya Sabha.[i][ii][iii]

Continue reading →

Posted in Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, CSR, Governance and Responsibility, Truth of Our Time

Tagged Auditor, Chartered Accountants, class-action suits, Companies Act 2013, Companies Bill 2012, CorpLaw, Corporate Law, Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, Director, Ganguly Committee, Independent Director, India, Legal Reforms, Ministry of corporate affairs, Rajya Sabha, Reforms

The Company under the Companies Act 2013

Posted on August 13, 2013 | 8 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

This is my first post after passing of the Companies Bill, 2012 by Rajya Sabha on 8^th August 2013. Lok Sabha have already passed this Bill, earlier on 18^th December 2012. The Bill is just one signature away from being an Act or two-three step away from come to be in forced by Notification.

Here, I try to study briefly some definitions related to companies under present Bill [Now the Companies Act, 2013]. Readers may please add their inputs in comment section of this post.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter I - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Associate Company, Banking Company, Body Corporate, Companies Bill 2012, Companies with Special Provisions, Company, Company incorporated outside India, Company Limited by Guarantee, Company Limited by Shares, CorpLaw, Corporate Law, Corporation, Dormant Company, Financial Institution, Government Company, Holding Company, Joint Venture Company, Listed Company, Ministry of corporate affairs, Nidhi Company, Non - Profit Company, One Person Company, Private Company, Producer Company, Public Company, Small Company, Subsidiary Company

Corporate Social Responsibility under Companies Act 2013

Posted on July 5, 2013 | 2 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

The provision related to Corporate Social Responsibility under present ~~Clause~~ Section 135 of Companies ~~Bill 2012~~ Act 2013 applies to all companies; listed, unlisted, public, private, one – person subject to limitation based on its net worth, turnover and net profit. These threshold limits are:

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter IX - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CSR, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Accounts and Audit, Board Committee, Board of Directors, Companies Bill 2012, CorpGov, CorpLaw, Corporate Governance, Corporate Law, Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, India

PENALTIES RELATED TO OPPRESSION & MISMANAGEMENT UNDER COMPANIES ACT 2013

Posted on June 28, 2013 | 2 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

In my last two post, I wrote about “Oppression and Mismanagement” and “Class Action” under the Companies Bill 2012. Section 246 makes it necessary for me to discuss Sections 337 to 341 of the Bill. These sections are natural extension to provisions related to “Oppression and Management” and “Class Action” under Chapter XVI.

Continue reading →

Posted in chapter XVI - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Board of Directors, class-action suits, Companies Bill 2012, CorpLaw, Corporate Governance, Corporate Law, Director, India, Legal Reforms, Members, Mismanagement, NCLT, Oppression, Oppression and Mismanagement, Reforms, Tribunal

CLASS ACTION IN COMPANIES ACT, 2013

Posted on June 21, 2013 | 4 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

In continuation with my last blog post on Oppression and Mismanagement; I am reading Class Action under Clause 245 of the Bill. Provisions relating to Class Action are under Chapter XVI of the Companies Bill, 2012 and basically target to achieve investor protection in a limited manner and on an experimental basis.

[Law discussed in this post was valid till 8 May 2019 and have academic and Historic value.]

Continue reading →

Posted in chapter XVI - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Board of Directors, class-action suits, Companies Bill 2012, CorpLaw, Corporate Governance, Corporate Law, Director, India, Legal Reforms, Members, Ministry of corporate affairs, Mismanagement, NCLT, Oppression, Oppression and Mismanagement, Reforms, Tribunal

OPPRESSION & MISMANAGEMENT UNDER COMPANIES ACT 2013

Posted on June 14, 2013 | 10 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

Class Action is one of the youngest additions to Indian jurisprudence particularly, in Indian Corporate Jurisprudence. Class Action aims to prevent Oppression and Mismanagement in Companies. The Provisions relating to Oppression and Mismanagement are in Chapter XVI of the Companies Bill, 2012.

In this post, I will cover Section 241 – 244 which deals with normal provisions.

In next post, I will discuss Section 245 dealing with Class Action and after that Section 246 read with Section 373 to 341.

Continue reading →

Posted in chapter XVI - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Board of Directors, class-action suits, Companies Bill 2012, CorpLaw, Corporate Governance, Corporate Law, Director, India, Legal Reforms, Members, Members and Shareholders, Ministry of corporate affairs, Mismanagement, NCLT, Oppression, Oppression and Mismanagement, Reforms, Tribunal

Interests of Director and Related Party Transactions

Posted on June 7, 2013 | 15 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST BY DIRECTOR (SECTION 184, SUB SECTION 1):

Every director shall disclose his concern or interest in any company or companies or bodies corporate, firms, or other association of individuals which shall include the shareholdings, in such manner as may be prescribed. Such disclosure shall be made on three particular point of time:

(i) At the first meeting of the Board in which he participates as a director;

(ii) At the first meeting of the Board in every financial year; and

(iii) Whenever there is any change in the disclosures already made, then at the first Board meeting held after such change.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter XII - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Arms Length Transaction, Companies Bill 2012, CorpGov, CorpLaw, Corporate, Corporate Governance, Corporate Law, Director, Disclosure of Interest, Independent Director, Interest, Legal Reforms, Office or Place of Profit, Reforms, Related Party, Related Party Transaction, Relative, RPT, Voidable Contract

POWER OF BOARD UNDER COMPANIES ACT 2013

Posted on May 31, 2013 | 5 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

In February 2013, I wrote “FOOTSTEPS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN COMPANIES BILL 2012” and thereafter try to cover all relevant topics related to Corporate Governance. Even though, day-to-day management of company is function of KEY MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL (sometime designated as out of Board Directors); Board of Directors is indeed most Significant body, which virtually rule a company. Not only, APPOINTMENT AND QUALIFICATION OF DIRECTOR as well as their DUTIES, VACATION, RESIGNATION, REMOVAL are subject to close scrutiny by investors, professionals and regulators. Board of Directors has a set of Executive Directors who are APPOINTMENT and MANAGERIAL REMUNERATION has some other significant aspect of Corporate Governance. The Appointment of INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS is one of the most significant contributions of this Bill to Corporate Governance practices in India. This all-powerful company Board exercises its powers in BOARD MEETING but it has some statutory and other BOARD COMMITTEES. Now we will discuss Power of Board of Directors under present Bill.
Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter XII - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Accounts, Board Committee, Board of Directors, Board Powers, Boards’ Report, CG, Companies Bill 2012, Contribution to bona fide Charitable and other funds, Contribution to National Defence Fund, CorpGov, CorpLaw, Corporate Governance, Corporate Law, Director, Independent Director, India, Legal Reforms, Ministry of corporate affairs, Political Contribution, Power of Board of Directors, Profit and Loss Account, Reforms, Resolutions in Board Meeting, Restrictions on Power of Board, Special Resolution

BOARD MEETING UNDER COMPANIES ACT 2013

Posted on May 24, 2013 | 4 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

The Board of Directors is most powerful body in a company. The Corporate governance is until now is governance of the Board.

The Companies Bill 2012 has dedicated chapter i.e. Chapter XII dealing with Board meetings and its power. In this blog I will discuss Board Meetings and in a future post power of Board of Directors.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter XII - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, Company Secretary, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility, Secretarial Standards

Tagged Board of Directors, Board Resolution, Companies Bill 2012, CorpGov, CorpLaw, Corporate Governance, Corporate Law, Director, Independent Director, Key managerial personnel, Manager, Managerial Remuneration, Managing Director, Minutes of Meeting, Notice, Quorum, Reforms, Related Party Transaction, Resolution by Circulation, Whole – time Director

BOARD COMMITTEES IN COMPANIES ACT 2013

Posted on May 17, 2013 | 7 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

Delegation of Power is buzz word in this Companies Bill 2012. This delegation is not only from legislature to Executive but also from Board of Directors to its committees. Committees are not new to Indian Corporate Jurisprudence. Audit Committee was introduced in the present Companies Act, 1956 twelve years ago in year 2000. Schedule XII also has Remuneration committee.

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter XII - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Accounts and Audit, Audit Committee, Board Committee, Board of Directors, Companies Bill 2012, CorpGov, CorpLaw, Corporate Governance, Corporate Law, Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Social Responsibility Committee, Cost Audit, CSR, CSR Committee, Director, Independent Director, Internal Audit, Investor grievances, Key managerial personnel, Legal Reforms, Managerial Remuneration, Managing Director, Ministry of corporate affairs, Nomination and Remuneration Committee, Reforms, Related Party Transaction, Stakeholders Relationship Committee, Statutory Audit, Whistle blower, Whole – time Director

MANAGERIAL REMUNERATION IN CASE OF IN ADEQUATE PROFIT

Posted on May 10, 2013 | 16 comments

UPDATE: on 30^th August 2013: Companies Bill 2012 became the Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).

Managerial remuneration is one of major corporate governance issue in India. Promoters and controlling shareholders consider themselves owner of company and get maximum remuneration. Difference between corporate tax rate and income tax rate also priority to withdraw much money from “owned” company. Indian concept of “owned company” and corporate governance has co – existence in last two decades.

In my last post, I did not analyse legal issues of managerial remuneration in case of inadequate profit under Companies Bill 2012 (Now the Act).

Continue reading →

Posted in Chapter XII - CA2013, Companies Act 2013, CorpGov, Governance and Responsibility

Tagged Board Committee, Board of Directors, Companies Bill 2012, CorpLaw, Corporate, Corporate Law, Director, Key managerial personnel, Legal Reforms, Manager, Managerial Remuneration, Managing Director, Reforms, Whole – time Director