Category Archives: Chapter XII – CA2013

MEETINGS OF BOARD AND ITS POWERS

Activation of DIN Post Completion of Disqualification Period


On 26 November 2016, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs came out with its first list of directors disqualified under Section 164(2)(a). The Registrar of Companies, Tamil Nādu, Coimbatore, issued a list with a total of 2042 names with disqualification from 1 November 2017 till 31 October 2022.

From September 2017 onwards, various offices of the Registrar of Companies issued different lists of disqualified directors for period 1 November 2014 to 31 October 2019, 1 November 2015 to 31 October 2020 and 1 November 2016 to 31 October 2021, 1 November 2017 to 31 October 2022. All sets of these lists of directors so disqualified may be found here.

Immediately after that, few directors so disqualified approached High Courts under writ jurisdiction. High Court found disqualifications from 1 November 2014 to 31 October 2019 and from 1 November 2015 to 31 October 2020 invalid as the provision under Section 164(2)(a), introduced in the year 2014, and it has prospective effect only.

MCA deactivated the DIN of directors, so disqualified to implement their disqualification. These DIN so deactivated could not be used for any filing purpose on MCA for the period of disqualification.

There is a lengthy debate on the manner of implementation of this law. I was surprised with the way of quick acceptance of disqualification and wrote this long post here. But, these people know how to bow and run the show.

So, the first effective batch of persons disqualified to be a director completed their disqualification period on 31 October 2021. Now, our mighty directors once again keep mum. There is no automatic removal of disqualification on the practical side. The Government, while deactivating the DIN, forgot to place the automatic activation command in the system. Due to technological and bureaucratic excuses, MCA activated deactivated DIN after delays of 20 more days.

Those who support a violation of the human rights of others do not fight for their own human and legal rights (unless huge money involved). This incident is another fine example.

Now, these directors may again enjoy the tag of director on their business cards. However, they need to check their KYC Compliance status. Directors are clients of MCA. Therefore, MCA needs to know who they are. For this, they should check whether they have complied with the annual KYC requirement. (Un)fortunately, due to ignorance of the law, alienation, or professional advice, most people did not file their KYC documents with MCA. Anyway, such KYC non-compliance secure you from unwanted directorship in a company by fraud on you.

Now, these people, if willing to be directors, should file their KYC Documents with MCA.

This compliance may cost:

  1. Digital Signature Certificates;
  2. Filing Fee; and
  3. Professional Charges.

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FULL DIGITAL BOARD


This was a long-awaited (maybe hated) one-liner:

“In the Companies (Meetings of Board and its Powers) Rules, 2014, rule 4 shall be omitted.”

In much-hyped digital India and the digital economy, this was a bureaucratic legacy. In the early days of digitalization, neither top government officers nor senior directors were comfortable with the digital display of papers. Even when Indian companies and directors start showing comfort with online meetings, some matters were reserved for physical board meetings. We love a gathering and get-together too.

Rule 4 lists particular items which should be discussed in a physical board meeting only.

Original as on 1 April 2014As on 14 August 2014
(i) the approval of the annual financial statements;
(ii) the approval of the Board’s report;
(iii) the approval of the prospectus;
(iv) the Audit Committee Meetings for consideration of accounts; and
(v) the approval of the matter relating to amalgamation, merger, demerger, acquisition and takeover.
(i) the approval of the annual financial statements;
(ii) the approval of the Board’s report;
(iii) the approval of the prospectus;
(iv) the Audit Committee Meetings for consideration of financial statement including consolidated financial statement, if any, to be approved by the Board under sub-section (1) of section 134 of the Act; and
(v) the approval of the matter relating to amalgamation, merger, demerger, acquisition and takeover.

One significant change came into force on 7 May 2018 when relief was granted to attend a board meeting by directors not physically present at the venue, where the quorum is present at the venue of the physical meeting. The provision read:

“Where there is quorum presence in a meeting through the physical presence of directors, any other director may participate conferencing through video or other audiovisual means.”

This relief was drafting or interpretation hardship. What was the position of directors present through video or other audiovisual means? Where they actually or legally present? If yes, will they be counted for quorum? If not counted for the quorum, will they be able to express their opinion? Will they vote?

Rule 4 of the Companies (Meetings of Board and its Powers) Rules, 2014 was paused on 19 March 2020. Finally, it could not survive from COVID – 19.

Before that, it hoped for a life revival on 30 September 2020, 31 December 2020 and finally on coming 30 June 2020. A stroke of mighty killed it on 15 June 2021.

What now?

Now, the deletion of Rule 4 paved the way for a full digital Board for companies. There is no legal restriction to have a digital meeting.

Soon, board rooms may not be in our corporate houses. Not only that, the hospitality industry may miss some of its frequent visitors. Their meeting rooms may be reshaped as shared offices.

One corporate feature we will not miss surely – a destination board meeting. I hope some of our clients will invite us for a destination board meeting in the year 2022.

FULL DIGITAL BOARD

EASE AND CHAOS


Ministry of Corporate Affairs has issued many amendment rules and circulars during the month of September 2020 for the ease of doing business. Though one thing always remains – chaos. In this brief post, we will discuss these ease and remaining chaos briefly.  

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SECOND THE RESOLUTION


When I was scripting a proceeding to be held in an extraordinary general meeting, I faced a question of whether proposing or seconding a resolution is required. My answer was NO unless an amendment to the motion is moved. Before reading further, my readers may check legal provision for the moving and passing a resolution under the (Indian) Companies Act, 2013.

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CORONA AMENDMENTS UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013


We firstly ignore negative news going to effects us. Secondly, we undermine the impact. Third, we start fighting. Humanity since 2017 knew and ignored about 73 corona viruses waiting to affect humanity. It is changing our life and law. I wrote a post on initial restrictions going to impact corporate compliances on 13th March 2020 which I considered now outdated. Here are measures the Ministry of Corporate Affairs announced:

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CORONA RESTRICTION EFFECTING COMPLIANCE


Corona Virus is spreading eliminating mighty economies. It created unprecedented Socio-economical legal issues all over the world. India announced Visa Restrictions vide No.1/Comm/BoI/2020-81 dated 11th March 2020. On a simple reading, this looks draconian but essential. Just thereafter, stock exchange dropped an unprecedented manner. Board meetings cancelled even for companies with a foreigner in the board of Directors. Corporate India needs business plans and legislative support.

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No Sense Notice!!


This is a very interesting query received recently.

One existing independent director is going to be retired at the conclusion of the upcoming Annual General Meeting of the company. The company (read management) do not want to renew the tenure of independent director. The name of another independent director has already been proposed by the management in the notice of the Annual General Meeting. Now, there is a proposal to call a Board Meeting just after (or next day) the conclusion of Annual General Meeting. As per the law and the articles of the company, there is a requirement of 7 days notice or 48 hours shorter notice for calling the Board Meeting. The outgoing independent director should receive notice of the Board Meeting. Will it really serve any purpose in law?

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Related Party Transactions and Audit Committee


The Companies Amendment Act, 2017 read with Notification S.O. 1833(E) dated 7th May 2018 amended law related to the audit committee. Certain transactions related to related parties shall be voidable unless ratified by the audit committee. In this post, we will discuss updated law related to approval of related parties in the audit committee.

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Audit Committee – Post 7th May 2018


The Companies Amendment Act, 2017 read with Notification S.O. 1833(E) dated 7th May 2018 amended law related to the audit committee. Certain transactions shall be voidable unless ratified by the audit committee. In this post, we will discuss updated law related to Audit committee.

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Principal Business Activities


Every company must be a business organization. Being business organization, a company has business activities. In the Companies Act, 2013 “principal business activities” is a major reporting requirement. According to Section 92(1)(a), every company shall prepare a return (hereinafter referred to as the annual return) in the prescribed form containing the particulars as they stood on the close of the financial year regarding its principal business activities. Section 185 as amended has reference to principal business activities as a major condition for a loan to directors and related concerns.

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A BOARD BELOW THE QUORUM


After the list of disqualified directors made public by Government of India, Many companies facing “no director on board” or “board below the quorum” situations. In last post here, we discussed the first situation. Now, we will discuss the second one.

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Amendments related to Board matters


Ministry of Corporate Affairs recently amended the Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Rules, 2014 by notification of the Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Amendment Rules, 2017 on 5th July 2017. A related amendment in the Companies (meetings of Board and its Powers) Rules, 2014 was also made by notification of the Companies (meetings of Board and its Powers) Second Amendment Rules, 2017 for which published notification copy is yet not available.

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Amendment in MBP Rules


Ministry of Corporate affairs amended the Companies (Meetings of Boards and its powers) Rules, 2014. The Companies (Meetings of Boards and its Powers) Amendments Rules, 2017 was published in official gazette on 30th March 2017 and came into force on that date itself.

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Reflection of Political Brotherhood in Law


When followers of two major Indian Political parties are using abusive language for mothers and others of opponent, their “leaders united” is working for their brotherhood causes silently, continuously and legally. One of the most popular narrative from both political side on social media claims, media do not show “their” truth. Here, we will discuss one aspect of this year’s budget unreported in conventional media.

We have discussed two year earlier here on 31st March 2014 Foreign Donation to political parties.

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OMNIBUS APPROVAL FOR RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS


Ministry of corporate Affairs issued a notification dated 14th December 2015 and published here in the Gazette of India dated 15th December 2015 regarding amendment in the Companies (Meetings of Board and its Power) Rules 2014.

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Meetings of Board and its Power: Second Amendment Rules


Ministry of corporate Affairs issued a notification dated 14th December 2015 and published here in the Gazette of India dated 15th December 2015 regarding amendment in the Companies (Meetings of Board and its Power) Rules 2014.

The Companies (Meetings of Board and its Power) Second Amendment Rules, 2015 (i) inserts a new Rule 6A, (ii) omit present Rule 10 and (iii) amend present Rule 15(3).

We will discuss newly inserted Rule 6A in a future post. In this post we bill discuss other two amendments in very brief way.

Loan to Directors

We have discussed now omitted Rule 10 earlier here. These rules became redundant after the Company (Amendment) Act, 2015 as discussed earlier here. Hence, it is deleted.

Amendment in Rule 15

We have discussed Rule 15 earlier here. There is a minor but very important amendment in Rule 15(3). In rule 15, in sub-rule (3), for the words “special resolution”, wherever they occur, the word “resolution” shall be substituted.

This amendment is in line with the amendment in Section 188 by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015 discussed earlier here.

This has a very significant effect and dilutes corporate governance to certain level. This cut power of non – promoter investors whether they are indigenous investors or foreign investors.

Please note: This blog invite readers to share their comments, suggestions, hardship, queries and everything in comment section. This blog post is not a professional advice but just a knowledge sharing initiative for mutual discussion.

Remaining Part of Companies Amendment Act became Effective


A gazette notification posted here on official website of the Gazette of India and posted on website of Ministry of Corporate Affairs says that Section 13 and Section 14 of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015 came into force with effect from 14th December 2015. The official language of notification read, “The Central Government hereby appoints the 14th day of December, 2015 as the date on which the provisions of section 13 and 14 of the said Act shall come into force.”

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Placing and Filing of Financial Statements of Foreign Subsidiaries


Indian Ministry of Corporate Affairs on 21st July 2015 came out with another clarification in form of General Circular 11 of 2015.

According to clause (a) of fourth proviso to Section 136(1), every company having a subsidiary or subsidiaries shall,—

(a) place separate audited accounts in respect of each of its subsidiary on its website, if any;

(b) provide a copy of separate audited financial statements in respect of each of its subsidiary, to any shareholder of the company who asks for it.

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Shorter circulation of Financial Statements


Indian Ministry of Corporate Affairs on 21st July 2015 came out with another clarification in form of General Circular 11 of 2015.

Proviso to sub – section (1) of Section 101 state, “a general meeting may be called after giving a shorter notice if consent is given in writing or by electronic mode by not less than ninety-five percent of the members entitled to vote at such meeting”.

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Effective Yield on Tax free Return


Sub – section (7) of Section 186 of the Companies Act 2013 discussed earlier here, no loan shall be given under this section at a rate of interest lower than the prevailing yield of one year, three-year, five-year or ten-year Government Security closest to the tenor of the loan.

Rate of interest here directly linked to yield of government securities here. A tax-free bond gives higher yield compare to taxable bond at similar rate of interest.

Ministry of Corporate Affairs has issued clarification on rate of interest of tax-free bonds through its General circular 06 of 2015 dated 9th April 2015.

In cases where the effective yield (effective rate of return) on tax-free bonds is greater than the prevailing yield of one year, three-year, five-year or ten-year Government Security closest to the tenor of the loan, there is no violation of sub-section (7) of section 186 of the Companies Act, 2013.

Even though present circular refer to General Circular 06 of 2013 dated 14th March 2013, this serve only academic interest only.

Please note: I welcome your comments and feedback. This blog post is not a professional advice. Readers may share this post on social media by using buttons given here.